生物多样性，生态学术语，是一个描述自然界多样性程度的一个内容广泛的概念，不同学者提出了多种定义。

在《保护生物学》一书中，蒋志刚等（1997）给生物多样性所下的定义为：“生物多样性是生物及其环境形成的生态复合体以及与此相关的各种生态过程的综合，包括动物、植物、微生物和它们所拥有的基因以及它们与其生存环境形成的复杂的生态系统”。

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Biodiversity, an ecological term, is a broad concept describing the degree of natural diversity. Different scholars have put forward a variety of definitions.  In the book "conservation biology", Jiang Zhigang et al. (1997) defined biodiversity as: "biodiversity is the synthesis of ecological complex formed by organisms and their environment and various ecological processes related to it, including animals, plants, microorganisms and their genes as well as the complex ecosystem formed by them and their living environment".